A gene linked to obesity in Labrador retrievers has now been identified in humans, shedding light on the genetic factors influencing appetite and weight gain.
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge, found that a gene variant known as DENND1B is strongly associated with obesity in both dogs and humans. The discovery, published in Science, suggests that the same biological mechanisms influencing excessive hunger in Labradors may also play a role in human obesity.
Professor Giles Yeo, a lead researcher in the study and Chair of Rio.life’s Scientific Advisory Board, explained the findings:
“Labrador retrievers are known for being highly food-motivated and prone to obesity. We identified multiple genetic variants linked to obesity in Labradors and found that the same genes are associated with obesity in humans.”
The research, released in the same week as World Obesity Day, focused on British Labrador retrievers, a breed with a well-documented tendency to overeat. Scientists discovered that Labradors with the DENND1B gene variant had approximately 8% more body fat than those without it.
Further investigations revealed that the same gene also plays a role in human obesity, with rare mutations in DENND1B linked to severe childhood obesity.
Professor Yeo, a researcher at the University of Cambridge’s Institute of Metabolic Science, noted that while environmental factors such as diet and exercise contribute to obesity, genetics also play a significant role.
“Dogs, like humans, live in environments where food is readily available, and exercise can be limited. Understanding the genetic factors at play helps us develop better strategies for managing obesity in both species,” he said.
The study examined a case of a young girl with a rare DENND1B gene mutation. She exhibited extreme hunger from infancy, weighing 32kg at just two years old—nearly three times the average weight for her age. By the age of seven, her weight had risen to 63kg, far exceeding typical levels.
Researchers found that DENND1B affects a brain pathway responsible for regulating hunger and energy balance, known as the leptin-melanocortin pathway. This discovery enhances understanding of how the brain controls eating behaviour and metabolism.
While the genetic link to obesity may sound discouraging, the study also provided good news. Despite their genetic predisposition, Labradors maintained a healthy weight when their owners strictly controlled their diet and exercise. This suggests that humans with obesity-related genes can also manage their weight effectively through lifestyle adjustments.
Jaie Genadt, CEO of health and wellness company Rio.life, said the findings highlight how genetic research can lead to practical solutions.
“We now know that genetic traits like hunger can be managed. At Rio.life, we’re developing personalised weight loss programmes that use behavioural science, AI technology, and advanced nutritional data to help individuals achieve their health goals,” she said.
Rio.life is launching Transformer, a new weight management programme incorporating wearables, genetic testing, and continuous glucose monitoring to provide personalised insights into metabolism.
Professor Yeo added: “While genes influence weight, they do not dictate fate. With the right approach, obesity risks can be reduced—both for humans and their pets.”